The Baltic Sea is emerging as a focal area for renewable energy development, especially offshore wind power. This growth could help Europe move toward cleaner energy, but several challenges remain. In this blog, we’ll look at the opportunities and hurdles of offshore wind in the Baltic Sea.
Significant growth ahead
Countries in the region plan to increase their offshore wind capacity from 3.1 GW to 19.6 GW by 2030 [1]. This expansion will play a critical role in reducing carbon emissions, enhancing energy security, and making clean energy more accessible. Poland is leading the way with the largest offshore wind market in Central and Eastern Europe, aiming for 5.9 GW of capacity by 2030 and 18 GW by 2040 [2]. With strong winds and relatively shallow waters, the Baltic Sea is an ideal environment for offshore wind farms.
Infrastructure and grid issues
One of the biggest challenges is developing the infrastructure needed to connect offshore wind farms to the power grid. As more wind farms are commissioned, the demand for robust grid connections and port facilities will intensify. Cross-border collaboration will be essential to ensure electricity reaches end users efficiently and reliably.
Environmental and planning concerns
Building wind farms at sea is an excellent way to advance clean energy goals, but protecting the Baltic Sea’s delicate ecosystem is important. To avoid disrupting marine life and other sea users, such as the fishing industry, smart planning and international cooperation are essential. The BEMIP Offshore Wind Working Group stresses the need for collaboration to ensure sustainable development [3].
Supply chain challenges
The rapid growth of offshore wind is also placing pressure on the supply chains. There is currently a high demand for specialised components, like turbines and installation vessels, which are in short supply [4]. This shortage can delay projects and drive up costs. Strengthening local manufacturing and supply chains could ease bottlenecks and support long-term growth.
Advancements in technology
Offshore wind projects are more efficient thanks to new technology. For example, the Baltic Power project plans to use bigger 15 MW turbines, capable of generating more energy per unit [5]. As wind technology continues to evolve, offshore wind will become increasingly cost-effective, making it an even more appealing option for a renewable energy source.
Need for clear rules
To facilitate progress, there must be more transparent and consistent rules across the region. Streamlining permitting processes and offering strong incentives will help attract investment and expedite project delivery [6].
Economic benefits
Offshore wind energy creates construction, maintenance, and manufacturing jobs, supports local industries, and attracts long-term investment. It presents significant opportunities for economic growth and industrial development in the region.
Tapping into the Baltic Sea’s offshore wind potential
The Baltic Sea offers great promise for offshore wind energy, but faces challenges. With ambitious national targets, improved infrastructure, and new technologies, the region can overcome these hurdles and enjoy the benefits of clean energy while boosting the economy and protecting the environment.
References:
- https://www.pfie.com/story/4965907/opportunities-and-challenges-for-baltic-offshore-wind-ljqnw34zlc
- https://balticwind.eu/pfi-yearbook-2025-opportunities-and-challenges-for-baltic-offshore-wind/
- https://balticwind.eu/bemip-offshore-wind-priorities-for-2024
- https://finance.yahoo.com/news/offshore-wind-next-big-problem-080026151.html
- https://balticwind.eu/first-foundations-of-the-baltic-power-offshore-wind-farm-installed/#:~:text=Baltic%20Power%20will%20be%20one,operating%20in%20the%20Baltic%20Sea.
- https://www.energy-transitions.org/publications/planning-and-permitting/
